What are the signs of brake failure? Emergency procedures that drivers must master

　　The braking system is the core defense line for vehicle safety, but in actual use, the hidden danger of brake failure is often overlooked due to subtle signs, leading to danger. Understanding the warning signals before failure and mastering scientific emergency methods are essential skills for every car owner to protect their lives.

　　The signs of brake failure are often hidden in everyday details.

　　Changes in brake pedal feedback are the most direct warning. If the pedal travel is significantly longer or feels soft when pressed, it may be due to brake fluid leakage, air entering the hydraulic system, or booster failure resulting in insufficient pressure. In this case, while repeatedly pressing the pedal to try to recover, you should pull over and check as soon as possible. In addition, a sharp metal grinding sound or steering wheel shaking during braking may indicate excessive brake pad wear, uneven disc surface, or caliper piston sticking, requiring immediate repair to prevent complete failure.

　　The core principle of emergency operation: calm and scientific response.

　　When brake failure occurs, staying calm is the first priority. Turn on the hazard lights and inform surrounding vehicles by honking or using lights. If driving at high speed, try repeatedly and quickly pressing and releasing the brake pedal to utilize the remaining braking force and the instantaneous response of the hydraulic system to gain deceleration opportunities. At the same time, manual transmission vehicles can forcefully downshift, using engine traction to assist braking; automatic transmission vehicles can switch to manual mode or use the "L" low-speed gear. If the speed is still difficult to control, gently pull the handbrake using a "tap braking" method to gradually reduce the speed, but avoid pulling it suddenly, which could cause the vehicle to skid.

　　Obstacle avoidance requires risk assessment.

　　In extreme cases where effective deceleration is impossible, find soft obstacles (such as guardrails or lawns) for side scraping collisions to consume kinetic energy through friction. Avoid rigid objects such as trees and utility poles, and ensure that the driver and passengers are wearing seat belts to minimize injury.

　　Prevention is better than cure: daily maintenance cannot be ignored.

　　Brake failure is often caused by long-term neglect of maintenance. Regularly checking brake pad thickness (usually needs replacement below 3 mm), brake fluid level and water content (recommended replacement every 2 years or 40,000 km), and tire tread depth (affects grip) are basic. In addition, avoid prolonged continuous braking in mountainous areas to prevent heat fade, and use engine braking and natural cooling. For older vehicles, it is recommended to check the brake lines for aging and replace rubber parts in time.

　　The safety of the braking system comes from attention to detail and risk prediction. Only by combining daily checks with scientific emergency awareness can car owners avoid danger at critical moments.